Navigation Basics | PPL(A) Navigation - EASA & UK CAA
Directions
Section titled "Directions"Evaluate the following statements: 1. The line joining the zero variation values is called the 'agonic line'. 2. The magnetic poles are perfectly aligned with each other.
What is the difference between Magnetic North and True North?
Evaluate the following statements: 1. With a freely suspended compass, the directions are shown in magnetic. 2. The magnetic North and South are not perfectly aligned with each other.
Evaluate the following statements: 1. When measuring on a map, the directions are magnetic. 2. For true directions the references are the geographic poles, through which the axis of the Earth runs.
What is the name of the line which joins points of zero magnetic variations?
What causes Earth's magnetism?
Evaluate the following statements: 1. True north and magnetic north are not located at the same position. 2. Compass deviation is being applied due to the Earth's own magnetic field.
What is the name of the line which joins points of equal magnetic variations?
Compass deviation can be __(1)__ and it is referenced to __(2)__.
Evaluate the following statements: 1. Compass North and Magnetic North are the same. 2. Compass deviation is being applied due to the aircraft's own magnetic field.
What difference can be found between the Magnetic North and Compass North?
Evaluate the following statements: 1. The difference between the True and Magnetic North is called deviation. 2. The True and Magnetic poles are not at the same location.
Evaluate the following statements: 1. When measuring on a map, the directions are true. 2. For true directions the references are the magnetic poles.
Evaluate the following statements: 1. The difference between True and Magnetic North is called variation. 2. The True and Magnetic poles are at the same location.
Variation is between the True and Magnetic North, it is labelled as __(1)__, and it has a maximum of __(2)__, and the reference is __(3)__.
Distance
Section titled "Distance"A route segment of 120 NM is flown. How much is it in kilometers approximately?
How many feet (ft) is a kilometre (km)?
How much is one feet (ft) in metres (m)?
How many feet (ft) is in one nautical mile (NM)?
How much is one nautical mile (NM) in kilometres (km)?
At the equator, how many nautical miles does one degree of longitude represent?
One degree of latitude is equal to:
How many feet (ft) is one metre (m)?
What happens to the distance represented by one minute of latitude as you move closer to the equator?
What is 1 minute of latitude equal to?
How many nautical miles is one degree of latitude difference along a meridian?
What happens to the distance represented by one minute of longitude as you move closer to the poles?
How many miles is 1 minute of longitude at the Equator?
How many nautical miles (NM) is equivalent to one minute of latitude?
How many kilometres (km) is the circumference of the Earth?
How many feet (ft) is one statue mile (SM)?
The Earth
Section titled "The Earth"Where is the Tropic of Capricorn found?
Evaluate the following statements: 1. The Equator is a rhumb line and a great circle too. 2. Rhumb lines are nearer to the Equator, small circles are nearer to the poles.
Longitudes are labelled as __(1)__ and __(2)__, and they are measured from the __(3)__ and their maximum is at 180 degrees.
Where is the Tropic of Cancer located?
Evaluate the following statements: 1. Following a rhumb line, the track should be altered. 2. The Equator and meridians are rhumb lines.
Which of the following describes a rhumb line?
Which of the following describes a small circle?
Evaluate the following statements: 1. In order to fly a great circle (disregard meridians and equator), the aircraft track must be altered regularly. 2. A great circle is the longest route between two points.
Evaluate the following statements: 1. A great circle is always showing the shortest distance between two points. 2. Following a great circle the track of the airplane should not be altered as it cuts all meridians at the same angle.
Where is the Artic Circle found?
Evaluate the following statements: 1. The Equator is a rhumb line, but not a great circle. 2. The rhumb lines are nearer to the poles, great circles are nearer to the Equator.
Where is the Antarctic Circle found?
Evaluate the following statements: 1. Flying a rhumb line, the aircraft direction is constant. 2. The Equator and the parallels of latitudes are rhumb lines.
In calculating the difference of longitudes, the same sides like east-east are __(1)__, and the different sides like west-east are __(2)__.
Evaluate the following statements: 1. During position giving the latitude precedes longitude. 2. For a precise position giving one can use seconds of arc.
Which of the following describes a great circle?
Evaluate the following statements: 1. During position giving the longitude precedes the latitude. 2. For a precise position giving one can use only minutes of arc.
Latitudes are labelled as __(1)__ and __(2)__, and they are measured from the __(3)__ and their maximum is at 90 degrees.
The solar system
Section titled "The solar system"When does the spring equinox occur in the Northern Hemisphere?
When does winter solstice occur in the Northern Hemisphere?
Refer to a country in Europe. In which season is the Earth the farthest from the Sun?
What governs the change of the seasons?
What is the direction in which the Sun appears to cross?
In the Northern Hemisphere, where is the Sun during the summer solstice ?
The earth rotates around the Sun in a(n) __(1)__ direction and its plane of orbit around the Sun is called the __(2)__.
The Earth rotates around its North/South axis in a(n) ...... direction.
What's the Earth's inclination to the normal of its orbital plane?
When does summer solstice occur in the Northern Hemisphere?
In the Northern Hemisphere, where is the sun during the winter solstice?
When does the autumn equinox occur in the Northern Hemisphere?
Refer to a country in Europe. In which season is the Earth the closest to the Sun?
What is the Earth's inclination (tilt) to its orbital plane?
Time and time conversions
Section titled "Time and time conversions"Evaluate the following statements: 1. The sun sets and rises at the same LMT on the same parallel of longitude. 2. Sunset occurs when the Sun's upper edge appears above the horizon.
Evaluate the following statements: 1. The rate of change of local mean time is constant. 2. The rate of change of apparent solar time varies throughout the year.
Evaluate the following statements: 1. The magnetic poles are not perfectly opposite to each other. 2. Equal variation values are joined by an agonic line.
The International date line lies on __(1)__ and is a __(2)__ line.
Who nominates the Standard Time?
Evaluate the following statements: 1. Sunrise occurs when the upper edge of the Sun sinks below the horizon. 2. Sunset and sunrise occur at the same LMT on the same parallel of latitude.
What is the meaning of LMT?
A meridian is located west from the __(1)__, so the UTC will be __(2)__ than the Local Mean Time at that meridian.
What does UTC mean?
Evaluate the following statements: 1. Apparent time has a constant value. 2. Local mean time is not constant at all.
What affects sunrise and sunset?
How many degrees should the center of the Sun be below the horizon, during civil twilight?
Evaluate the following statements: 1. During LMT calculations, we consider the Sun to travel 15° in an hour. 2. Considering LMT, we should only need the longitude to calculate.
Which of the times is practically the same as UTC?
Where are the Standard Times published?
A meridian is located East from the __(1)__, so UTC will be __(2)__ than the Local Mean Time at that meridian.
Which of the following options affects apparent time?
Evaluate the following statements: 1. During calculating the LMT, the latitude is unimportant. 2. The Sun travels 30° in an hour.
Evaluate the following statements: 1. Sunrise occurs when the upper edge of the Sun appears above the horizon. 2. Sunsets and sunrises occur at the same LMT on the same parallel of latitude.
Evaluate the following statements: 1. Sunsets and sunrises are occurring at different LMT on the same parallel of latitude. 2. Sunset occurs when the Sun's upper edge sinks below the horizon.