Human Factors | PPL(A) Human Performance - EASA & UK CAA
Basic aviation physiology and health maintenance
Section titled "Basic aviation physiology and health maintenance"What is the percentage of oxygen at 35000 ft?
When breathing outside air, at what altitude will you encounter the critical stage?
What is the normal breathing rate of a healthy human?
What is responsible for the carriage/transportation of oxygen in the blood?
In case of hyperventilation, what countermeasure should be applied?
What can be caused by the failure of the coronary artery?
What happens to the volume of a given gas if it expands at a constant temperature? (Boyle's law)
Which harmful gas is easily produced by the incomplete combustion of fuel?
What term describes the shortage of oxygen?
Which of the following is the best way of preventing coronary heart disease?
If the pressure of a given gas remains constant, what will happen to its volume if the temperature decreases?
Where will the blood pool in case of positive-G forces?
What happens to the total pressure and partial pressure of a given gas, if the altitude increases?
What can cause hypertension?
During hyperventilation, the level of ...... decreases.
As altitude increases the effects of carbon monoxide poisoning are:
What is the major waste product of a tissue?
In which way is air entering the body during inhaling (inhalation)?
Which type of blood cell is responsible for clotting?
What are the symptoms of hypoxia?
Which type of hypoxia is caused by the loss of oxygen carrying capacity of the blood?
What is inversely proportional to the pressure of a given gas in Boyle's law?
Which measure(s) compensate(s) for the effects of hypoxia?
Which of the following items can increase the tolerance to G-forces?
What type of blood is carried in the arteries usually?
What are the primary symptoms of hypertension?
At what altitude does breathing outside air reach an indifferent stage?
What is the percentage of oxygen in the atmosphere?
Which type of receptors are sensing the decreasing or increasing blood pressure?
What is the composition of gases in the atmosphere?
According to Henry's law, the amount of a given gas dissolved in a liquid is proportional to the:
What happens to the volume of a given gas if it is compressed at a constant temperature? (Boyle's law)
What does hypertension mean?
Which law is related to Decompression Sickness (DCS)?
Which type of hypoxia is caused by altitude increase?
What happens to the pressure of a given gas if it is compressed at a constant temperature? (Boyle's law)
The leading factor in in-flight incapacitations is heart attack which is caused by:
What is the average cardiac output of a healthy human?
What provides the blood supply of the heart?
If the altitude decreases, the percentage of oxygen will:
Where will the blood pool in case of negative G-forces?
Which symptoms are related to carbon monoxide poisoning?
What happens to the level of carbon dioxide saturation of the blood during hyperventilation?
If the altitude increases, the percentage of oxygen will:
Where does the exchange of oxygen, carbon-dioxide take place during internal respiration?
Why is carbon monoxide especially harmful? 1. It is greatly toxic. 2. Its effects are cumulative. 3. It is odourless. 4. Its symptoms are easily noticeable.
What is the primarycause of anaemic hypoxia?
If the pressure of a given gas remains constant, what will happen to its volume if the temperature increases?
As altitude decreases the effects of carbon monoxide poisoning are: (Note: assume the aircraft is non-pressurised)
What happens to the total pressure and partial pressure of a given gas, if the altitude decreases?
Which symptoms besides others are related to hypoxia?
Health and hygiene
Section titled "Health and hygiene"Why is maintaining proper food hygiene crucial?
What is the primary cause of infection by the influenza virus?
What is one of the primary negative consequences of smoking tobacco for pilots?
Disruptions of pressure equalization in air-filled cavities of the head (nose, ear, teeth etc.) are called:
How does smoking tobacco negatively affect a pilot's ability to handle stress during flight?
Carbon monoxide poisoning is a threat during flight and may be the result of:
In order to get rid of the excess nitrogen following scuba diving, any subsequent flights should be delayed by:
A large number of medical preparations can be bought without a doctor's prescription. In relation to using these preparations, which of the following is correct?
Flying with the common cold:
Which of the following is not a common symptom of sleep rhythm disturbances?
Choose the correct option on carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning in flight:
Which of the following is a common symptom of sleep rhythm disturbances?
Alcohol metabolism (elimination rate):
Inhaling carbon monoxide can be extremely dangerous during flying. Which of the following statements is correct?
What is the primary mode of transmission for the influenza virus?
Why is proper nutrition particularly important for pilots?
Which of the following applies when alcohol has been consumed?
Which of the following is a common cause of sleep rhythm disturbances?
How many steps should you walk per day?
What is a potential effect of chronic sleep rhythm disturbances on health?
Licence holders shall not exercise the privileges of their licence and related ratings or certificates at any time when they:
Which of the following is a recommended strategy for managing sleep rhythm disturbances?
Flights immediately after scuba diving, using compressed gas, to depths greater than 10 meters:
Alcohol, even when taken in small quantities:
Select from the following list all infectious disease which are commonly spread by insects. 1. Cholera 2. Tetanus 3. Hepatitis A 4. Yellow fever 5. Typhoid fever 6. Malaria
Which of the following statements about personal fitness is correct?
Medical conditions such as high blood pressure, coronary problems and diabetes are associated with what phenomena?
Alcohol, when taken with other drugs/medication, can:
Which gastro-intestinal symptom is sometimes associated with influenza, particularly in children?
Which of the following health conditions is most commonly associated with obesity?
Which of the following situations would require a pilot to seek aero-medical advice without any undue delay?
Which of the following is a common symptom of influenza?
Caffeine may cause an increase in cardiac rate, restlessness/nervousness, insomnia, anxiety and intestinal irritability. Excessive consumption of caffeine is considered to be in excess of:
Human factors in aviation
Section titled "Human factors in aviation"Which of the following is the most vulnerable part in aviation?
In which phase of flight is an airplane more prone to accidents?
Man and the Environment
Section titled "Man and the Environment"On experiencing a vestibular illusion in straight and level flight, it is recommended that you...
Scotopic vision is achieved by:
During a straight-and-level flight, an aircraft is accelerating forward. This will give an illusion of...
A pilot being used to landing on a wide runway, now has to land on a narrow runway. They may:
Noise Induced Hearing Loss is:
In case of spatial disorientation occuring:
A pilot used to landing on a wide runway, now needs to land on a narrow runway. They may:
Which of the following statements about runways with a down-or-upslope is correct?
Which light-sensitive receptors are responsible for colour sensing?
Which of the following answers contains all parts of the human ear?
Photopic vision is achieved by the:
Which of the following options on Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) is correct?
What part of the eye is a cataract related to?
Refer to an object located directly in front of your eye and close to it (almost touching). What happens to the resolving power as the distance increases from the fovea?
Which of the following are bad monocular cues?
In the case of myopia, the eyeball is __(1)__ than normal, and the image forms __(2)__ the retina.
What type of blood is usually carried in the veins?
What are the two primary parts of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)?
What happens to the lens when it focuses on a near object?
According to Boyle's law, what remains constant?
By which method are messages sent in the nervous system?
By which of the following affect the optic nerves?
Which statement is correct regarding the prevention of hypoxia?
By which of the following is visual acuity affected?
Prolonged negative-G may cause:
Which type of nervous system is associated with the General Adaptation Syndrome?
A pilot used to landing on a wide runway, now lands on a narrow runway may:
Spatial disorientation will most likely occur during flight:
Bright lights can make __1__ objects appear __2__, while dim lighting can cause them to appear __3__.
A reflex action is part of:
Which light-sensitive receptors are responsible for black-and-white sensing?
Which of the following statements about the autonomic nervous system are correct or incorrect? 1. The autonomic nervous system is consciously controlled. 2. The autonomic nervous system is an unconsciously controlled part of the body such as breathing.
A pilot used to landind on a narrow runway, now needs to land on a wide runway:
What are the motor nerves responsible for?
During a sightseeing flight, the pilot is involved in a discussion with the passengers about an interesting building below. Therefore, the pilot experiences difficulties in controlling the aircraft and consequently omits to monitor the fuel level. Why is this happening?
What is the main cause of motion sickness in an aircraft?
Which of the following muscle types achieves accommodation?
How many minutes does it take for the cones and rods to adapt to darkness?
What does the central nervous system consist of?
What normally happens to the pupil, if focusing on an object at a distance?
What are the three main phases of General Adaptation Syndrome?
What can cause spatial disorientation?
What are the sensory nerves responsible for?
A pilot used to landing on a narrow runway, needs to land on wide runway. They may:
Which statement(s) is/are incorrect regarding monocular vision? 1. It does not affect depth perception. 2. It means two-eyed vision. 3. It supposes that the cones are not working properly. 4. Monocular vision makes a pilot able to fly.
Which term is used for long-sightedness?
Which part of the ear directs sounds down the auditory canal and then onto the eardrum?
At which part of the eye is central vision achieved?
What is the spinal cord and the brain part of?
Which of the following statements about runways with a down-or-upslope is correct?
What is the name of the center of the retina?
What can be done to overcome the effects of motion sickness?
Which part of the ear transmits vibrations from the eardrum by way of three small bones called the ossicles?
The human vestibular system performs spatial orientations by way of:
What are nerve cells called?
What is the primary effect of positive 'g' acceleration?
What is astigmatism related to?
The type of vision that can be attained by the cones is:
How can myopia be treated?
What is the normal pulse rate of a healthy human?
Which of the following affect night vision? 1. Altitude 2. Age 3. Body temperature 4. Hypertension
What happens to the resolving power as the distance from the fovea decreases from 200m to 5m?
What are the names of the two main light-sensitive cells in the retina?
Which is the safest way of the so-called look-out technique relative to the flight path of the aircraft?
What nerve types are responsible for passing the information from the organs to the Central Nervous System?
What does the term angina refer to?
What happens to the pressure of a given gas if it expands at a constant temperature?
What is the primary source of carbon-monoxide formation during flight?
What is hypermetropia?
In the case of hypermetropia, the eyeball is __(1)__ than normal, and the image forms __(2)__ the retina.
Which of the following decrease the accommodation of the eye?
A pilot being used to landing on a narrow runway, is now required to land on a wide runway. They may:
The fovea consists of:
Which of the following scenarios is most likely to lead to pilot distraction during a critical phase of flight?
How can a pilot easily identify an object during a night flight?
At which rate of acceleration can a person encounter the loss of peripheral vision?
Which statement(s) is/are incorrect regarding binocular vision? 1. It means one-eyed vision. 2. Binocular vision is needed for a pilot to fly. 3. Binocular vision is the same as scotopic vision. 4 .Binocular vision enables good depth-perception.
What is the correct order when light enters the eye?
How can hypermetropia be treated?
What disease is characterised by a rise in pressure in the eye?
Which of the following items reduce the tolerance to G-forces?
You are approaching a runway over continuously rising terrain. What illusion can you expect?
Which factors are predisposing to coronary heart disease?
Which statement(s) is/are correct regarding monocular vision? 1. It means one-eyed vision. 2. Monocular vision makes a pilot unable to fly. 3. Monocular vision enables good depth-perception. 4. It is the same as night vision.
Which type of vision can be attained by the rods?
What does myopia mean?
Why is carbon monoxide especially harmful? 1. It is odourless. 2. It is greatly toxic. 3. It is noticeable in no time. 4. Its effect is not cumulative.
Which overloading will cause a black-out or G-lock?
A pilot being used to landing on a wide runway, needs to land on a narrow runway, they may:
What is the leading cause of presbyopia?
Which of the following is a characteristic of safe visual scanning?
What is the iris responsible for?
Which type of vision is mainly used against mid-air collisions?
What is the primary cause of hypoxic hypoxia?
When flying a coordinated, level turn:
A pilot may experience the illusion of being in a nose-up attitude as a result of rapid linear acceleration during take-off. What is this illusion called?
What is the name of the change of shape of the lens?
In the decision-making process, confirmation bias results in:
A pilot used to landing on a narrow runway, but no has to land on a wide runway may:
Which vestibular illusion can cause a pilot to perceive a continuous turn even when the aircraft is flying straight?
Which of the following statements about runways with a down-or-upslope is correct?
What happens to the lens when it focuses on an object at a distance?
Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) is influenced by the:
Redout will happen at:
What normally happens to the pupil if focusing on a nearby (close) object?
Which statement is correct regarding binocular vision? 1. It means two-eyed vision. 2. Binocular vision is not needed for a pilot to fly. 3. It suggests the pilot has an eye-glass. 4. Binocular vision is the same as central vision.
Increased, deep breathing, dizziness, pallor. What are the following descriptions related to?
The confirmation or expectation bias of decision making is a tendency:
Which part of the ear is filled with fluid?
Which of the following options does not affect night vision? 1. Age 2. Hypertension 3. Alcohol 4. Stress
Which term is used for the 'Vegetative Nervous System'?
Which type of nerves are responsible for passing information from the Central Nervous System (CNS) to the organs, and muscles?
What is the main role of the cornea?
Greyout can be expected at:
What problem can occur when flying in an environment of low contrast, like fog, snow, darkness, or haze?
In order to treat carbon monoxide poisoning which actions must be followed?
Which of the following statements about runways with a down-slope or up-slope is correct?
How can a pilot prevent spatial disorientation in flight?
How does haze affect your perception?
Which of the following gasses has a greater affinity to haemoglobin?
What does the blood carry to the tissues?
Which symptoms are related to hyperventilation?
Which of the following light-sensitive receptors are responsible for peripheral vision?
What are the primary effects of carbon monoxide poisoning?
What is the connection between two neurons called?
How many times does haemoglobin attract to carbon monoxide over oxygen?
What does the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) consist of?
The apparent movement of light when stared at for a relatively long period of time in the dark and a dark backround is called:
What should be done with the cockpit lights during lightning at night, to support adaptation?
Select the correct statement:
Which term is used for short-sightedness?
What does the visual field consist of?