PPL Human Performance 01

Human factors in aviation

1 / 2

In which phase of flight is an airplane more prone to accidents?

2 / 2

Which of the following is the most vulnerable part in aviation?

Basic aviation physiology and health maintenance

1 / 51

What is the composition of gases in the atmosphere?

2 / 51

What happens to the total pressure and partial pressure of a given gas, if the altitude increases?

3 / 51

What is the percentage of oxygen in the atmosphere?

4 / 51

If the altitude decreases, the percentage of oxygen will:

5 / 51

What is the percentage of oxygen at 35000 ft?

6 / 51

Where will the blood pool in case of negative G-forces?

7 / 51

What happens to the volume of a given gas if it is compressed at a constant temperature? (Boyle's law)

8 / 51

What type of blood is carried in the arteries usually?

9 / 51

What does hypertension mean?

10 / 51

What are the symptoms of hypoxia?

11 / 51

What is the major waste product of a tissue?

12 / 51

Which type of hypoxia is caused by the loss of oxygen carrying capacity of the blood?

13 / 51

What is the average cardiac output of a healthy human?

14 / 51

Which law is related to Decompression Sickness (DCS)?

15 / 51

In which way is air entering the body during inhaling (inhalation)?

16 / 51

Which symptoms are related to carbon monoxide poisoning?

17 / 51

Which type of receptors are sensing the decreasing or increasing blood pressure?

18 / 51

Which of the following items can increase the tolerance to G-forces?

19 / 51

Which measure(s) compensate(s) for the effects of hypoxia?

20 / 51

What happens to the pressure of a given gas if it is compressed at a constant temperature? (Boyle's law)

21 / 51

What happens to the level of carbon dioxide saturation of the blood during hyperventilation?

22 / 51

Which type of hypoxia is caused by altitude increase?

23 / 51

At what altitude does breathing outside air reach an indifferent stage?

24 / 51

The leading factor in in-flight incapacitations is heart attack which is caused by:

25 / 51

What provides the blood supply of the heart?

26 / 51

According to Henry's law, the amount of a given gas dissolved in a liquid is proportional to the: A: "gas volume." B: "gas density." C: "gas pressure." D: "gas temperature."

27 / 51

If the altitude increases, the percentage of oxygen will:

28 / 51

Which type of blood cell is responsible for clotting?

29 / 51

What is inversely proportional to the pressure of a given gas in Boyle's law?

30 / 51

What happens to the volume of a given gas if it expands at a constant temperature? (Boyle's law)

31 / 51

If the pressure of a given gas remains constant, what will happen to its volume if the temperature increases?

32 / 51

Which harmful gas is easily produced by the incomplete combustion of fuel?

33 / 51

What term describes the shortage of oxygen?

34 / 51

What is the normal breathing rate of a healthy human?

35 / 51

Why is carbon monoxide especially harmful? 1. It is greatly toxic. 2. Its effects are cumulative. 3. It is odourless. 4. Its symptoms are easily noticeable.

36 / 51

What can cause hypertension?

37 / 51

Where will the blood pool in case of positive-G forces?

38 / 51

Which symptoms besides others are related to hypoxia?

39 / 51

When breathing outside air, at what altitude will you encounter the critical stage?

40 / 51

During hyperventilation, the level of ...... decreases.

41 / 51

What is the primarycause of anaemic hypoxia?

42 / 51

What can be caused by the failure of the coronary artery?

43 / 51

As altitude increases the effects of carbon monoxide poisoning are:

44 / 51

What are the primary symptoms of hypertension?

45 / 51

Where does the exchange of oxygen, carbon-dioxide take place during internal respiration?

46 / 51

What is responsible for the carriage/transportation of oxygen in the blood?

47 / 51

What happens to the total pressure and partial pressure of a given gas, if the altitude decreases?

48 / 51

In case of hyperventilation, what countermeasure should be applied?

49 / 51

If the pressure of a given gas remains constant, what will happen to its volume if the temperature decreases?

50 / 51

As altitude decreases the effects of carbon monoxide poisoning are: (Note: assume the aircraft is non-pressurised)

51 / 51

Which of the following is the best way of preventing coronary heart disease?

Man and the Environment

1 / 133

Which overloading will cause a black-out or G-lock?

2 / 133

Redout will happen at:

3 / 133

What is the normal pulse rate of a healthy human?

4 / 133

Which statement is correct regarding the prevention of hypoxia?

5 / 133

At which rate of acceleration can a person encounter the loss of peripheral vision?

6 / 133

What is the primaryeffect of positive 'g' acceleration?

7 / 133

What type of blood is usually carried in the veins?

8 / 133

What is the primary function of white blood cells?

9 / 133

Greyout can be expected at:

10 / 133

What is the primary source of carbon-monoxide formation during flight?

11 / 133

Which factors are predisposing to coronary heart disease?

12 / 133

According to Boyle's law, what remains constant?

13 / 133

What is the primary cause of hypoxic hypoxia?

14 / 133

What are the primary effects of carbon monoxide poisoning?

15 / 133

Which of the following items reduce the tolerance to G-forces?

16 / 133

Which of the following gasses has a greater affinity to haemoglobin?

17 / 133

Select the correct statement:

18 / 133

How many times does haemoglobin attract to carbon monoxide over oxygen?

19 / 133

Prolonged negative-G may cause:

20 / 133

What does the blood carry to the tissues?

21 / 133

In order to treat carbon monoxide poisoning which actions must be followed?

22 / 133

What does the term angina refer to?

23 / 133

Increased, deep breathing, dizziness, pallor. What are the following descriptions related to?

24 / 133

Why is carbon monoxide especially harmful? 1. It is odourless. 2. It is greatly toxic. 3. It is noticeable in no time. 4. Its effect is not cumulative.

25 / 133

What happens to the pressure of a given gas if it expands at a constant temperature?

26 / 133

Which symptoms are related to hyperventilation?

27 / 133

What are the sensory nerves responsible for?

28 / 133

In the case of hypermetropia, the eyeball is __(1)__ than normal, and the image forms __(2)__ the retina.

29 / 133

You are approaching a runway over continuously rising terrain. What illusion can you expect?

30 / 133

Which statement is correct regarding binocular vision? 1. It means two-eyed vision. 2. Binocular vision is not needed for a pilot to fly. 3. It suggests the pilot has an eye-glass. 4. Binocular vision is the same as central vision.

31 / 133

Which of the following options does not affect night vision? 1. Age 2. Hypertension 3. Alcohol 4. Stress

32 / 133

Which term is used for long-sightedness?

33 / 133

What are the three main phases of General Adaptation Syndrome?

34 / 133

What nerve types are responsible for passing the information from the organs to the Central Nervous System?

35 / 133

A pilot used to landing on a narrow runway, needs to land on wide runway. They may:

36 / 133

What is the main cause of motion sickness in an aircraft?

37 / 133

Noise Induced Hearing Loss is:

38 / 133

Which of the following muscle types achieves accommodation?

39 / 133

What happens to the lens when it focuses on a near object?

40 / 133

By which method are messages sent in the nervous system?

41 / 133

Which type of nervous system is associated with the General Adaptation Syndrome?

42 / 133

Which of the following options on Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) is coorect?

43 / 133

What is the iris responsible for?

44 / 133

In case of spatial disorientation occuring:

45 / 133

Which term is used for short-sightedness?

46 / 133

Bright lights can make __1__ objects appear __2__, while dim lighting can cause them to appear __3__.

47 / 133

What is the name of the center of the retina?

48 / 133

The type of vision that can be attained by the cones is:

49 / 133

Which of the following are bad monocular cues?

50 / 133

Which type of nerves are responsible for passing information from the Central Nervous System (CNS) to the organs, and muscles?

51 / 133

At which part of the eye is central vision achieved?

52 / 133

What can cause spatial disorientation?

53 / 133

The apparent movement of light when stared at for a relatively long period of time in the dark and a dark backround is called:

54 / 133

On experiencing a vestibular illusion in straight and level flight, it is recommended that you...

55 / 133

During a straight-and-level flight, an aircraft is accelerating forward. This will give an illusion of...

56 / 133

What does the visual field consist of?

57 / 133

What does myopia mean?

58 / 133

Scotopic vision is achieved by:

59 / 133

What is astigmatism related to?

60 / 133

How can hypermetropia be treated?

61 / 133

A pilot may experience the illusion of being in a nose-up attitude as a result of rapid linear acceleration during take-off. What is this illusion called?

62 / 133

What is the correct order when light enters the eye?

63 / 133

A pilot being used to landing on a wide runway, needs to land on a narrow runway, they may:

64 / 133

What should be done with the cockpit lights during lightning at night, to support adaptation?

65 / 133

During a sightseeing flight, the pilot is involved in a discussion with the passengers about an interesting building below. Therefore, the pilot experiences difficulties in controlling the aircraft and consequently omits to monitor the fuel level. Why is this happening?

66 / 133

The fovea consists of:

67 / 133

What is the main role of the cornea?

68 / 133

Which of the following statements about runways with a down-or-upslope is correct?

69 / 133

Which part of the ear is filled with fluid?

70 / 133

What happens to the lens when it focuses on an object at a distance?

71 / 133

Which is the safest way of the so-called look-out technique relative to the flight path of the aircraft?

72 / 133

What does the central nervous system consist of?

73 / 133

Spatial disorientation will most likely occur during flight:

74 / 133

Which of the following statements about the autonomic nervous system are correct or incorrect? 1. The autonomic nervous system is consciously controlled. 2. The autonomic nervous system is an unconsciously controlled part of the body such as breathing.

75 / 133

Which part of the ear transmits vibrations from the eardrum by way of three small bones called the ossicles?

76 / 133

Which of the following scenarios is most likely to lead to pilot distraction during a critical phase of flight?

77 / 133

Which term is used for the 'Vegetative Nervous System'?

78 / 133

The human vestibular system performs spatial orientations by way of:

79 / 133

What problem can occur when flying in an environment of low contrast, like fog, snow, darkness, or haze?

80 / 133

What happens to the resolving power as the distance from the fovea decreases from 200m to 5m?

81 / 133

Which light-sensitive receptors are responsible for black-and-white sensing?

82 / 133

Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) is influenced by the:

83 / 133

A pilot used to landind on a narrow runway, now needs to land on a wide runway:

84 / 133

Which of the following statements about runways with a down-slope or up-slope is correct?

85 / 133

What normally happens to the pupil if focusing on a nearby (close) object?

86 / 133

A reflex action is part of:

87 / 133

A pilot used to landing on a wide runway, now lands on a narrow runway may:

88 / 133

What part of the eye is a cataract related to?

89 / 133

Photopic vision is achieved by the:

90 / 133

The confirmation or expectation bias of decision making is a tendency:

91 / 133

Which of the following is a characteristic of safe visual scanning?

92 / 133

Which statement(s) is/are incorrect regarding binocular vision? 1. It means one-eyed vision. 2. Binocular vision is needed for a pilot to fly. 3. Binocular vision is the same as scotopic vision. 4 .Binocular vision enables good depth-perception.

93 / 133

A pilot used to landing on a narrow runway, but no has to land on a wide runway may:

94 / 133

By which of the following affect the optic nerves?

95 / 133

Refer to an object located directly in front of your eye and close to it (almost touching). What happens to the resolving power as the distance increases from the fovea?

96 / 133

Which of the following affect night vision? 1. Altitude 2. Age 3. Body temperature 4. Hypertension

97 / 133

What is the spinal cord and the brain part of?

98 / 133

Which of the following light-sensitive receptors are responsible for peripheral vision?

99 / 133

Which of the following statements about runways with a down-or-upslope is correct?

100 / 133

Which vestibular illusion can cause a pilot to perceive a continuous turn even when the aircraft is flying straight?

101 / 133

Which statement(s) is/are incorrect regarding monocular vision? 1. It does not affect depth perception. 2. It means two-eyed vision. 3. It supposes that the cones are not working properly. 4. Monocular vision makes a pilot able to fly.

102 / 133

What can be done to overcome the effects of motion sickness?

103 / 133

What are nerve cells called?

104 / 133

In the decision-making process, confirmation bias results in:

105 / 133

How can a pilot prevent spatial disorientation in flight?

106 / 133

How does haze affect your perception?

107 / 133

When flying a coordinated, level turn:

108 / 133

How many minutes does it take for the cones and rods to adapt to darkness?

109 / 133

What is hypermetropia?

110 / 133

By which of the following is visual acuity affected?

111 / 133

What does the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) consist of?

112 / 133

A pilot being used to landing on a wide runway, now has to land on a narrow runway. They may:

113 / 133

How can myopia be treated?

114 / 133

What are the two primary parts of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)?

115 / 133

In the case of myopia, the eyeball is __(1)__ than normal, and the image forms __(2)__ the retina.

116 / 133

What are the motor nerves responsible for?

117 / 133

How can a pilot easily identify an object during a night flight?

118 / 133

What is the leading cause of presbyopia?

119 / 133

A pilot being used to landing on a narrow runway, is now required to land on a wide runway. They may:

120 / 133

What disease is characterised by a rise in pressure in the eye?

121 / 133

Which light-sensitive receptors are responsible for colour sensing?

122 / 133

Which of the following answers contains all parts of the human ear?

123 / 133

Which of the following statements about runways with a down-or-upslope is correct?

124 / 133

Which of the following decrease the accommodation of the eye?

125 / 133

What is the name of the change of shape of the lens?

126 / 133

What are the names of the two main light-sensitive cells in the retina?

127 / 133

A pilot used to landing on a wide runway, now needs to land on a narrow runway. They may:

128 / 133

Which part of the ear directs sounds down the auditory canal and then onto the eardrum?

129 / 133

Which statement(s) is/are correct regarding monocular vision? 1. It means one-eyed vision. 2. Monocular vision makes a pilot unable to fly. 3. Monocular vision enables good depth-perception. 4. It is the same as night vision.

130 / 133

Which type of vision is mainly used against mid-air collisions?

131 / 133

What normally happens to the pupil, if focusing on an object at a distance?

132 / 133

Which type of vision can be attained by the rods?

133 / 133

What is the connection between two neurons called?

Health and hygiene

1 / 33

Flying with the common cold:

2 / 33

Which of the following is a recommended strategy for managing sleep rhythm disturbances?

3 / 33

What is the primary mode of transmission for the influenza virus?

4 / 33

Carbon monoxide poisoning is a threat during flight and may be the result of:

5 / 33

Disruptions of pressure equalization in air-filled cavities of the head (nose, ear, teeth etc.) are called:

6 / 33

Why is proper nutrition particularly important for pilots?

7 / 33

Which of the following is a common symptom of influenza?

8 / 33

Caffeine may cause an increase in cardiac rate, restlessness/nervousness, insomnia, anxiety and intestinal irritability. Excessive consumption of caffeine is considered to be in excess of:

9 / 33

Which of the following statements about personal fitness is correct?

10 / 33

Select from the following list all infectious disease which are commonly spread by insects. 1. Cholera 2. Tetanus 3. Hepatitis A 4. Yellow fever 5. Typhoid fever 6. Malaria

11 / 33

Alcohol, even when taken in small quantities:

12 / 33

Medical conditions such as high blood pressure, coronary problems and diabetes are associated with what phenomena?

13 / 33

Alcohol metabolism (elimination rate):

14 / 33

A large number of medical preparations can be bought without a doctor's prescription. In relation to using these preparations, which of the following is correct?

15 / 33

How does smoking tobacco negatively affect a pilot's ability to handle stress during flight?

16 / 33

Alcohol, when taken with other drugs/medication, can:

17 / 33

Which of the following situations would require a pilot to seek aero-medical advice without any undue delay?

18 / 33

What is one of the primary negative consequences of smoking tobacco for pilots?

19 / 33

Inhaling carbon monoxide can be extremely dangerous during flying. Which of the following statements is correct?

20 / 33

Choose the correct option on carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning in flight:

21 / 33

Why is maintaining proper food hygiene crucial?

22 / 33

In order to get rid of the excess nitrogen following scuba diving, any subsequent flights should be delayed by:

23 / 33

Which of the following health conditions is most commonly associated with obesity?

24 / 33

Which of the following is a common symptom of sleep rhythm disturbances?

25 / 33

What is the primary cause of infection by the influenza virus?

26 / 33

Which of the following applies when alcohol has been consumed?

27 / 33

What is a potential effect of chronic sleep rhythm disturbances on health?

28 / 33

Which of the following is not a common symptom of sleep rhythm disturbances?

29 / 33

Licence holders shall not exercise the privileges of their licence and related ratings or certificates at any time when they:

30 / 33

Which of the following is a common cause of sleep rhythm disturbances?

31 / 33

Which gastro-intestinal symptom is sometimes associated with influenza, particularly in children?

32 / 33

How many steps should you walk per day?

33 / 33

Flights immediately after scuba diving, using compressed gas, to depths greater than 10 meters: